Latex and typography

LaTeX for Physicists

http://www.dfcd.net/articles/latex/latex.html

% ***********************************************************
% ******************* PHYSICS HEADER ************************
% ***********************************************************
% From http://www.dfcd.net/articles/latex/latex.html
% Version 2
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath} % AMS Math Package
\usepackage{amsthm} % Theorem Formatting
\usepackage{amssymb}    % Math symbols such as \mathbb
\usepackage{graphicx} % Allows for eps images
\usepackage{multicol} % Allows for multiple columns
\usepackage[dvips,letterpaper,margin=0.75in,bottom=0.5in]{geometry}
 % Sets margins and page size
\pagestyle{empty} % Removes page numbers
\makeatletter % Need for anything that contains an @ command
\renewcommand{\maketitle} % Redefine maketitle to conserve space
{ \begingroup \vskip 10pt \begin{center} \large {\bf \@title}
    \vskip 10pt \large \@author \hskip 20pt \@date \end{center}
  \vskip 10pt \endgroup \setcounter{footnote}{0} }
\makeatother % End of region containing @ commands
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{(\alph{enumi})} % Use letters for enumerate
% \DeclareMathOperator{\Sample}{Sample}
\let\vaccent=\v % rename builtin command \v{} to \vaccent{}
\renewcommand{\v}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathbf{#1}}} % for vectors
\newcommand{\gv}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\boldmath$ #1 $}}}
% for vectors of Greek letters
\newcommand{\uv}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathbf{\hat{#1}}}} % for unit vector
\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\left| #1 \right|} % for absolute value
\newcommand{\avg}[1]{\left< #1 \right>} % for average
\let\underdot=\d % rename builtin command \d{} to \underdot{}
\renewcommand{\d}[2]{\frac{d #1}{d #2}} % for derivatives
\newcommand{\dd}[2]{\frac{d^2 #1}{d #2^2}} % for double derivatives
\newcommand{\pd}[2]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}
% for partial derivatives
\newcommand{\pdd}[2]{\frac{\partial^2 #1}{\partial #2^2}}
% for double partial derivatives
\newcommand{\pdc}[3]{\left( \frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}
 \right)_{#3}} % for thermodynamic partial derivatives
\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\left| #1 \right>} % for Dirac bras
\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\left< #1 \right|} % for Dirac kets
\newcommand{\braket}[2]{\left< #1 \vphantom{#2} \right|
 \left. #2 \vphantom{#1} \right>} % for Dirac brackets
\newcommand{\matrixel}[3]{\left< #1 \vphantom{#2#3} \right|
 #2 \left| #3 \vphantom{#1#2} \right>} % for Dirac matrix elements
\newcommand{\grad}[1]{\gv{\nabla} #1} % for gradient
\let\divsymb=\div % rename builtin command \div to \divsymb
\renewcommand{\div}[1]{\gv{\nabla} \cdot #1} % for divergence
\newcommand{\curl}[1]{\gv{\nabla} \times #1} % for curl
\let\baraccent=\= % rename builtin command \= to \baraccent
\renewcommand{\=}[1]{\stackrel{#1}{=}} % for putting numbers above =
\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}
\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}
\theoremstyle{remark}
\newtheorem*{rmk}{Remark}

% ***********************************************************
% ********************** END HEADER *************************
% ***********************************************************

Ungrouped

• graphicx + pdflatex = jpg images!

• line break = \\

• Angstrom = \AA

• >> = \gg

• << = \ll

• no date = \date{} (before maketitle)

Web-tools

Latex facility online:

• http://overleaf.com

Discover Latex symbol:

• http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html

Write Latex online:

• https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

International support and hyphenation

The command \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} enable writing regularly.

The command \usepackage[brazil]{babel} enables (brazillian) hyphenation (hifenização).

To teach latex the hyphenation of specific words, \hyphenation{ exem-plo pro-ble-ma}.

The above commands are often associated with \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}, but this do not appear to be mandatory.

Packages and definitions

\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames,table]{xcolor}
%~ \definecolor{orange}{HTML}{FF7F00}
%~ \definecolor{green}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
%~ \definecolor{gray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}

\usepackage{lipsum}
\lipsum[3-56] %Paragraphs between 3 and 56
%\lipsum[1-4] == 1 page at iagtese

\usepackage[linktocpage=true,breaklinks=true]{hyperref}
% \usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}

% arara: pdflatex
% arara: makeglossaries
% arara: pdflatex
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[acronym,toc]{glossaries}
\makeglossaries

\newacronym{uri}{URI}{Unique Resonance Identifier}
\newacronym{led}{LED}{light-emitting diode}
\newacronym{eeprom}{EEPROM}{electrically TESTICLE programmable
read-only memory}

\glsaddall[types=\acronymtype]
\begin{document}
No acronyms here.

\printglossaries

\end{document}

\usepackage{pdfpages}
\includepdf[pages=-]{at1.pdf}

\usepackage{mathrsfs}
$\mathscr{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}$
$\mathscr{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$

\newcommand{\short}{$\sigma$\,A\,B}

%~ *\mean{}*
\def\mean#1{\left< #1 \right>}

\usepackage{listings}

\usepackage{ulem}
\sout{Hello World}

\usepackage{soul}
\st{Hello world}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\newenvironment{rcases}
  {\left.\begin{aligned}}
  {\end{aligned}\right\rbrace}

%~ *\cancel{}*
\usepackage[makeroom]{cancel}

\usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttable}
%~ ...
\begin{table}[!htbp]
\caption{Revisions}
 \begin{threeparttable}
\centering
    \begin{tabular}{p{0.10\linewidth}
                    p{0.15\linewidth}
                    p{0.45\linewidth}
                    p{0.20\linewidth}}
    \hline
        Title 1 & Title 2 & Title 3 & Title 4          \\
    \hline
        Cell 1  & Cell 1  & Cell 3  & Cell 4 \tnote{a} \\
        Cell 1  & Cell 1  & Cell 3  & Cell 4 \tnote{b} \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \begin{tablenotes}
        \item[a] My Note.
        \item[b] My Other Note.
    \end{tablenotes}
 \end{threeparttable}
\end{table}

\pagenumbering{roman}
\setcounter{page}{3}
a
\newpage
\pagenumbering{arabic}
b
\end{document}

\usepackage{placeins}
%...
\FloatBarrier

Subfigures

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{gull}
\caption{A gull}
\label{fig:gull}
\end{subfigure}
~
%add desired spacing between images, e. g. ~, \quad, \qquad, \hfill etc.
%(or a blank line to force the subfigure onto a new line)
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{tiger}
\caption{A tiger} \label{fig:tiger}
\end{subfigure}
~
%add desired spacing between images, e. g. ~, \quad, \qquad, \hfill etc.
%(or a blank line to force the subfigure onto a new line)
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{mouse}
\caption{A mouse} \label{fig:mouse}
\end{subfigure}

\caption{Pictures of animals}
\label{fig:animals}
\end{figure}

PDF Version

To generate PDF files with version 1.4:

dvipdfmx -V 4 test.dvi
ps2pdf -dCompatibility=1.4 test.ps

The problem with this method is that the structure of chapters do not is generated for navigation within the file.

Compact PDF

To decrease PDF file size. I test and it can really deacrese the file size. But the efficiency depends on the file contents:

gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/screen -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf

# /screen selects low-resolution output similar to the Acrobat Distiller "Screen Optimized" setting.
# /default selects output intended to be useful across a wide variety of uses, possibly at the expense of a larger output file.
# /ebook selects medium-resolution output similar to the Acrobat Distiller "eBook" setting.
# /printer selects output similar to the Acrobat Distiller "Print Optimized" setting.
#  There is a bug with the 'printer' option
# /prepress selects output similar to Acrobat Distiller "Prepress Optimized" setting.

gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dColorConversionStrategy=/Gray -dProcessColorModel=/DeviceGray -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf

Other possibility is to convert PDF to PS, and then PS to PDF.

Natbib

\usepackage{natbib}

\newcommand{\aap}{A\&A}
\newcommand{\apj}{ApJ}
\newcommand{\apjl}{ApJ Letters}
\newcommand{\mnras}{MNRAS}
\newcommand{\aapr}{A\&A Rev.}
\newcommand{\pasp}{PASP}
\newcommand{\araa}{Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys}
\newcommand{\zap}{Zeitschrift f\"ur Astrophysik}
\newcommand{\apss}{Astrophysics and Space Science}
\newcommand{\aj}{Astronomical Journal}
\newcommand{\apjs}{ApJ Supplement}
\newcommand{\aaps}{A\&A Supplement}
\newcommand{\pasj}{Astronomical Society of Japan}

\bibliographystyle{apalike}  % plainnat, apj, ...
% \renewcommand\refname{List of Publications}  % rename the Bibliography section name
\bibliography{/home/user/file}  % file.bib path

% nameptr #1 >
%   { namesleft #1 >
nameptr #1 >
   {
    nameptr #3
    #1 + =
    numnames #5
    > and
      { "others" 't :=
        #1 'namesleft := }
      'skip$
    if$
    namesleft #1 >

Captions

The default \caption provides two arguments. The first is optional and defines what is set in the List of Tables (LoT), while the latter is mandatory and is used in the setting of the actual caption. If you don't supply the former, it's passed as equivalent to the latter.

\caption[<LoT entry>]{<regular caption>}

Tips

• Online: go sans serif.

• Verdana = Microsoft

• Lucida Grande = Mac OS

• Georgia = formal

• AVOID Times New Roman!

General

Latex

Install OTF or TTF Ubuntu

Copy files do ~/.fonts/.